According to the study ‘HYPERTHYROIDISM GLOBAL CLINICAL TRIALS REVIEW, H1, 2018’, among the most popular remedies is radioactive iodine (RAI) which is taken orally and gets absorbed by the thyroid gland. It is meant to destroy the hyper functioning thyroid tissues which can help reduce symptoms. RAI is generally safe and has been used for decades and is still undergoing research by scientists who are attempting to better understand the most commonly used Iodine-131.
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which an overactive thyroid gland is producing an excessive amount of thyroid hormones, such as thyroxine and triiodothyronine that circulate in the blood. Common symptoms of hyperthyroidism include restlessness, agitation, anxiety, weight loss despite increased appetite, intolerance to heat and frequent bowel movements among others. Graves’ disease I s the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and can be associated with eye disease (Graves’ opthalmopathy). Patients with hyperthyroidism have multiple options for treatment and management depending on factors like age, physical condition, underlying causes of the disease, personal preference and severity of the condition. However, modern study is exploring the possibility of hyperthyroidism being connected to cancerous tissues. Thyroid cancer starts in the thyroid gland and its prevalence in patients with hyperthyroidism varies. This variation stems from factors like extent of histological examination of removed thyroid tissue, the cause and extent of hyperthyroidism, criteria for choosing surgery in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and geographical differences in cancer rates. The overall prevalence of thyroid cancer found during surgery in patients with hyperthyroidism ranges from a low level to a significant level. The majority of carcinomas reported in these studies were micro carcinomas, the clinical significance of which is uncertain. Papillary carcinoma was the most frequently reported cancer type.
Many global associations have been established in response to the growing concern. These institutions annually focus on themes thereby bringing expertise to the table to augment developments in the field for instance, The Asia-Pacific Society of Thyroid Surgery will meet in December 2018 to discuss thyroid surgery. It will discuss newly developed technologies including molecular diagnoses, intraoperative neuromonitoring, endoscopic and robotic surgery among others. Researchers have also come together and experimented with Iodine-131 on mice. Other developments are also taking place in similar radiology therapies and nuclear medicine. Such future prospects aim to be more target oriented and minimize after effects of these treatments such as under-activity of the thyroid gland after consumption of radioactive iodine. The American Thyroid Association is among the leading institutions in the world that specializes in thyroid research.
Studies are also trying to establish connections between the causes of hyperthyroidism and cancerous tissues that develop in the thyroid gland. The link between Graves’ hyperthyroidism and cancer remains debatable with the cancer rates appearing to range widely. Hence, researchers state that clinicians that treat hyperthyroidism patients should be aware of the outlined malignancy risk involved. Every suspicious thyroid nodule that is linked to hyperthyroidism should be carefully evaluated. In addition, nuclear medicine and radiology are also picking up pace to improve their efficiency.
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